Bronchitis

A sore throat is one of the most common reasons people seek medical advice. It can be caused by viral infections, bacterial infections such as strep throat, allergies or irritation. Many sore throats can be assessed safely during an online consultation.

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Symptoms

Common symptoms of a sore throat include:

  • Pain or discomfort when swallowing

  • A scratchy or dry throat

  • Redness at the back of the throat

  • Swollen glands in the neck

  • Fever

  • White patches or pus on the tonsils.

  • Bad breath

  • Hoarse voice

Children may also become irritable, refuse food or have difficulty swallowing.

Causes

Most sore throats are caused by viral infections, including the common cold, influenza and COVID-19.

Other causes include:

  • Tonsillitis (bacterial) - Streptococcal (strep) throat

  • Tonsillitis (viral)

  • Pharyngitis

  • Post-nasal drip

  • Allergies

  • Sinusitis

  • Smoking

  • Acid reflux (GORD)

  • Excessive voice use

Diagnosis

A diagnosis can often be made based on your symptoms and medical history.

During your consultation, your doctor will assess whether your sore throat is more likely to be viral or bacterial and whether antibiotics are appropriate. In some cases, a throat swab or physical examination may be recommended.

Treatment

Most sore throats improve without antibiotics.

Treatment may include:

  • Antiseptics

  • Gargle with salted water

  • Drinking plenty of fluids

  • Warm drinks or throat lozenges

  • Paracetamol or ibuprofen (if suitable for you)

  • Rest

  • If a bacterial infection is suspected, antibiotics may be prescribed following an assessment. Fever and white spots might be present.

When should I seek urgent medical care?

You should seek urgent medical attention if you have:

  • Difficulty breathing

  • Difficulty swallowing saliva

  • Severe swelling of the throat or neck

  • Persistent high fever

  • A rash together with a sore throat

  • Difficulty opening your mouth

  • Severe dehydration

These symptoms may indicate a more serious infection requiring urgent assessment.

Related Symptom

Related Conditions

  • Tonsillitis

  • Strep throat

  • Infectious mononucleosis (Glandular fever)

  • COVID-19

  • Influenza

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I get antibiotics online?

If your symptoms suggest a bacterial throat infection, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics following an assessment.

How long does a sore throat last?

Most viral sore throats improve within 5 to 7 days.

Do all sore throats need antibiotics?

No. Most sore throats are caused by viruses and do not require antibiotics.

Can I be assessed online?

Yes. Many sore throats can be safely assessed during an online consultation.

When should I worry about a sore throat?

Seek urgent medical attention if you have difficulty breathing, difficulty swallowing saliva, severe swelling or persistent high fever.

Need medical advice?

If you think you may have tonsillitis or a sore throat, an online consultation can help determine the cause of your symptoms and whether treatment is appropriate.

Book an appointment with an English-speaking doctor today.

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